Stomach cancer or gastric cancer

Stomach cancer or gastric cancer

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a malignant tumor that develops in the lining of the stomach. It often begins as small, asymptomatic growths that can eventually invade deeper layers of the stomach and spread to other parts of the body. Gastric cancer is more common in older adults and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to its subtle early symptoms.

The exact causes of stomach cancer are not fully understood, but several risk factors increase its likelihood. These include chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori, a diet high in salted, smoked, or pickled foods, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain genetic conditions. Family history of stomach cancer and chronic gastritis are also known risk factors.

Early-stage stomach cancer may present with nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, bloating, and nausea. As the disease progresses, more pronounced symptoms can develop, including weight loss, difficulty swallowing, persistent stomach pain, and blood in the stool or vomit. Jaundice and swelling in the abdomen can also occur if the cancer spreads to other organs.

Diagnosis of stomach cancer involves a combination of endoscopic examination (esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD), imaging studies such as CT scans or PET scans, and biopsy of stomach tissue. These methods help to confirm the presence of cancer, determine its stage, and plan appropriate treatment.

Treatment options for stomach cancer depend on the stage and location of the tumor. They may include surgery to remove part or all of the stomach, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies. The treatment approach aims to remove or shrink the tumor, manage symptoms, and improve the patient’s quality of life. Early detection significantly enhances the chances of successful treatment and recovery.