Spleen Removal Surgery in Yelahanka

Spleen removal or splenectomy

Splenectomy, or spleen removal, is a surgical procedure performed to address various conditions affecting the spleen or related health issues. The spleen is an organ that plays a role in filtering blood, recycling iron, and supporting the immune system. Common reasons for splenectomy include traumatic injury to the spleen, certain blood disorders (such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or splenic sequestration in sickle cell disease), and splenic tumors. The procedure can be performed through an open surgical approach or laparoscopically, which is less invasive and involves smaller incisions.

Post-splenectomy, patients may face increased susceptibility to infections because the spleen’s role in filtering pathogens and producing immune responses is lost. Consequently, vaccination against specific bacteria and careful monitoring for signs of infection become crucial. Additionally, individuals may need to take preventive antibiotics and maintain regular follow-ups to manage their immune function effectively. Despite these considerations, splenectomy can significantly improve quality of life and overall health by addressing underlying conditions and complications associated with spleen dysfunction or disease.

Portal Hypertension Treatment

Sometimes the spleen has to be removed. The most common indications of a planned splenectomy are certain hematologic diseases like idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, myeloproliferative disseases, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia etc. I perform laparoscopic splenectomy for even large spleen. Most patients recover well with normal platelet counts and disease remission.

In patients who fail medical therapy for portal hypertension, surgical decompression can be done in selected patients. We have performed distal splenorenal shunt to successfully decompress gastroesophageal varices without disturbing portal flow in numerous patients. Patients remain symptom free for prolonged duration.As a rescue therapy for such patients with upper GI bleed awaiting liver transplantation, a more complicated procedure involving devascularisation of esophagus can be performed in selected patients.

Splenectomy in trauma

Spleen is the most common organ to be injured in a case of blunt abdominal trauma. These have to be performed via an incision (laparotomy). Though these days upto 80% patients can be actually managed without surgery despite splenic trauma.

Splenic cysts, abscess and tumors

Laparoscopic or partial splenectomy is now the preferred treatment for splenic cysts because of their low complication and cyst recurrence rates.

Splenic abscess though rare also necessitate splenectomy.

The most common cause of a malignant splenic mass is metastasis from a primary carcinoma. When the spleen is the only site of metastasis, splenectomy may prolong patient survival.

FAQ's

The spleen plays an essential role in immune function and blood filtration, but conditions such as traumatic injury, certain blood disorders, or tumors can necessitate its removal. Dr. Srinivas Bojanapu, a renowned GI & HPB Onco surgeon, provides expert insights into the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for spleen removal or splenectomy. His expertise ensures comprehensive care and optimized outcomes for patients undergoing this procedure, addressing both the surgical aspects and post-operative management for maintaining overall health.

Why might a splenectomy be necessary?

A splenectomy may be necessary for various reasons, including traumatic injury to the spleen, certain blood disorders (such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or splenic sequestration in sickle cell disease), or splenic tumors. It may also be performed for conditions like lymphoma or other malignancies affecting the spleen.

What are the potential risks and complications associated with splenectomy?

Potential risks and complications of splenectomy include increased susceptibility to infections due to the loss of the spleen’s immune function, bleeding, blood clots, and damage to nearby organs. Long-term risks include a higher likelihood of certain infections, such as pneumonia, due to reduced immune response. Patients may need vaccinations and antibiotics to mitigate these risks.

What is the difference between open splenectomy and laparoscopic splenectomy?

Open splenectomy involves a larger incision and direct removal of the spleen through this incision. Laparoscopic splenectomy, on the other hand, is a minimally invasive procedure using several small incisions and a laparoscope to guide the removal of the spleen. Laparoscopic splenectomy generally results in shorter recovery times and less post-operative pain compared to open surgery.

How should I prepare for a splenectomy?

Preparation for splenectomy typically involves preoperative evaluations, including blood tests and imaging studies to assess your overall health and the spleen’s condition. You may also need to follow specific instructions regarding diet, medications, and fasting before the surgery. It’s important to discuss any concerns and follow the surgeon’s preoperative guidelines to ensure a smooth procedure.

What is the recovery process like after a splenectomy?

Recovery after splenectomy varies depending on the type of surgery performed. Generally, patients may experience pain and fatigue, which can be managed with medication. Most people can return to normal activities within a few weeks after laparoscopic surgery, while recovery from open splenectomy may take longer. Post-surgery, patients will need to follow up with their healthcare provider for regular check-ups, vaccinations, and possibly preventive antibiotics to protect against infections.