Pseudocyst of pancreas

Pseudocyst of pancreas

A pseudocyst of the pancreas is a fluid-filled sac that forms in the pancreas, typically as a complication of pancreatitis, either acute or chronic. Unlike true cysts, pseudocysts lack an epithelial lining and are surrounded by a fibrous capsule. They are filled with pancreatic enzymes, blood, and necrotic tissue.

Pseudocysts often develop after episodes of pancreatic inflammation or injury, which can lead to the accumulation of pancreatic fluid and debris. Common causes include chronic alcohol abuse, gallstones, and trauma. They can vary in size and may not always cause symptoms.

When symptoms do occur, they can include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and a palpable mass in the abdomen. In some cases, pseudocysts may become infected or rupture, leading to more severe complications such as peritonitis or internal bleeding.

Diagnosis of a pancreatic pseudocyst is typically made through imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI, which can reveal the presence, size, and location of the cyst. Endoscopic ultrasound may also be used to evaluate the cyst more closely and guide potential treatment.

Treatment for a pseudocyst depends on its size, symptoms, and potential complications. Small, asymptomatic pseudocysts may be monitored with regular imaging. Larger or symptomatic pseudocysts may require interventions such as drainage through endoscopic procedures, percutaneous methods, or surgery to relieve symptoms and prevent complications.