Non-cancerous tumors of stomach (GIST)

Non-cancerous tumors of stomach (GIST)

Non-cancerous tumors of the stomach, specifically gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), are rare growths that originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal or precursor cells in the stomach wall. GISTs can vary in size and typically present as asymptomatic growths but may cause symptoms if they become large or rupture.

The exact cause of GISTs is not well understood, but they are believed to arise from mutations in specific genes, most commonly the KIT gene. These tumors are often diagnosed in adults, and while they are non-cancerous, they can sometimes behave aggressively or have the potential to become malignant if not monitored or treated.

Symptoms of GISTs can include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and unexplained weight loss. In some cases, the tumors can lead to gastrointestinal bleeding, which may be indicated by blood in the stool or vomit. Asymptomatic GISTs are often found incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions.

Diagnosis of GISTs generally involves imaging techniques such as CT scans or MRI to visualize the tumor and determine its size and location. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or biopsy may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the tumor’s characteristics. Genetic testing can also help identify specific mutations associated with GISTs.

Treatment for GISTs typically involves surgical removal of the tumor if it is localized and operable. In cases where surgery is not feasible or the tumor is inoperable, targeted therapies such as imatinib (Gleevec) may be used to manage the tumor and inhibit its growth. Regular follow-up with imaging and clinical evaluations is essential to monitor for any recurrence or progression of the disease.