Liver cancer

Liver cancer

Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, is a malignant tumor that originates in the liver. The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which arises from the liver cells (hepatocytes). Other types include cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) and angiosarcoma, which are less common.

The primary risk factors for liver cancer include chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or C infections, chronic alcohol abuse, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Other risk factors include exposure to aflatoxins (toxins produced by certain fungi), certain genetic conditions, and a family history of liver cancer.

Symptoms of liver cancer can be nonspecific and may include abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and a palpable mass in the abdomen. As the disease progresses, patients may experience loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and swelling in the abdomen due to fluid accumulation.

Diagnosis of liver cancer typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI, to visualize the tumor and assess its size and extent. A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the cancer type. Blood tests, including liver function tests and tumor markers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), can also aid in diagnosis and monitoring.

Treatment for liver cancer depends on the tumor's stage, size, and location, as well as the patient's overall health. Options may include surgical resection, liver transplantation, localized treatments such as radiofrequency ablation or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and systemic therapies such as targeted therapies and immunotherapy. Early detection and treatment are critical for improving the chances of successful outcomes and managing the disease effectively.