Choledochal cyst

Choledochal cyst

A choledochal cyst is a congenital abnormality characterized by the dilation or cystic expansion of the bile ducts. These ducts carry bile from the liver to the small intestine, and the abnormal dilation can lead to blockages, infections, or other complications if left untreated. Choledochal cysts are most often diagnosed in infants and young children but can also be found in adults.

The exact cause of choledochal cysts is not well understood, but it is believed to result from a structural defect in the bile ducts present at birth. The condition may lead to bile stasis, which can cause inflammation, infection (cholangitis), or even an increased risk of bile duct cancer over time.

Symptoms of a choledochal cyst can vary depending on its size and location, but common signs include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, fever, and in some cases, an enlarged liver. Infants with choledochal cysts may also experience vomiting and poor growth due to digestive issues.

Diagnosis is typically made through imaging techniques such as ultrasound, MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography), or CT scans, which allow physicians to visualize the cyst and assess its impact on the bile ducts and surrounding organs.

Treatment for choledochal cysts generally involves surgical removal of the cyst to prevent complications such as recurrent infections or the potential for malignant transformation. In some cases, bile ducts are reconstructed after surgery to ensure proper bile flow. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to avoid long-term health risks.