Cancer of the colon

Cancer of the colon

Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a malignant tumor that develops in the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. It often begins as small, benign growths called polyps that over time can transform into cancer. Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and can be highly treatable if detected early.

Risk factors for colon cancer include a family history of the disease, age (with risk increasing after 50), a personal history of polyps or inflammatory bowel disease, and lifestyle factors such as a diet high in red or processed meats, low physical activity, and smoking. Genetic mutations and certain hereditary conditions, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome, also increase risk.

Symptoms of colon cancer can vary and may include changes in bowel habits (such as diarrhea or constipation), rectal bleeding, blood in the stool, abdominal pain, and unexplained weight loss. Some individuals may not experience symptoms until the cancer has advanced, underscoring the importance of regular screening, especially for those at higher risk.

Diagnosis of colon cancer typically involves a combination of colonoscopy to visualize and biopsy potential tumors, imaging tests such as CT scans or MRI to assess the extent of the disease, and blood tests to evaluate overall health and tumor markers like carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). These diagnostic tools help determine the stage of cancer and guide treatment decisions.

Treatment for colon cancer generally depends on the stage and location of the tumor. Options may include surgical resection to remove the cancerous part of the colon, chemotherapy to target cancer cells throughout the body, and radiation therapy to address local disease. Targeted therapies and immunotherapy may also be used for advanced cases. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving prognosis and survival rates.